Some non-causal explanations involve invoking panpsychism, the theory that a quality of mind is associated with all particles, and pervades the entire universe, in both animate and inanimate entities.
32.
During the 19th century, panpsychism was the default theory in philosophy of mind, but it saw a decline during the middle years of the 20th century with the rise of logical positivism.
33.
According to Whitehead : " we should conceive mental operations as among the factors which make up the constitution of nature . " Bertrand Russell's neutral monist views also tended towards panpsychism.
34.
David Skrbina cites the concept of a'group mind'as being derived from Plato's concept of panpsychism ( that mind or consciousness is omnipresent and exists in all matter ).
35.
B . Y . Bukreev married a daughter of Aleksei Aleksandrovich Kozlov ( Russian philosopher, a notable representative of Russian school of panpsychism, and professor of philosophy at Kiev University from 1884 ).
36.
In his 1979 article " Panpsychism ", Thomas Nagel tied panpsychism to the failure of emergentism to deal with metaphysical relation : " There are no truly emergent properties of complex systems.
37.
In his 1979 article " Panpsychism ", Thomas Nagel tied panpsychism to the failure of emergentism to deal with metaphysical relation : " There are no truly emergent properties of complex systems.
38.
The need to define better the terms used within the thesis of panpsychism is recognized by panpsychist David Skrbina, and he resorts to asserting some sort of hierarchy of mental terms to be used.
39.
Some see mind as a property exclusive to humans whereas others ascribe properties of mind to non-living entities ( e . g . panpsychism and animism ), to animals and to Islamic and medieval European philosophers.
40.
Gardner said that Bohm's view of the interconnectedness of mind and matter ( on one occasion summarized as " Even the electron is informed with a certain level of mind " ) " flirted with panpsychism ".
