While trying to isolate the bacterial toxin responsible for tuberculosis, W . G . Ruppel isolated a novel nucleic acid named tuberculinic acid in 1898 from " calf thymus using paper chromatography, by which he detected a unique methylated cytosine, quite distinct from conventional cytosine and uracil.
32.
The concept that individuals might have a " metabolic profile " that could be reflected in the makeup of their biological fluids was introduced by Roger Williams in the late 1940s, who used paper chromatography to suggest characteristic metabolic patterns in urine and saliva were associated with diseases such as schizophrenia.
33.
By 1947, Martin, Synge and their collaborators had applied this method ( along with Fred Sanger's reagent for identifying N-terminal residues ) to determine the pentapeptide sequence of Gramicidin S . These and related paper chromatography methods were also foundational to Fred Sanger's effort to determine the amino acid sequence of insulin.
34.
It was Richard Synge, who in 1952 won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work with partition chromatography, who applied the theoretical knowledge gained from his work in GC to LC . From this revolution, the 1950s also saw the advent of paper chromatography, reversed-phase partition chromatography ( RPC ), and hydrophobic interaction chromatography ( HIC ).
35.
He also helped develop the methods of capillary analysis, a precursor to paper chromatography, published a paper on the possibility of television ( years before the discovery of the electron ), contributed to chromosome theory, worked on properties of aerosols and gelatins, the origins of silicosis, the role of carbon dioxide in plant life and the mechanism of both colour photographic processes.
36.
Among these, were : " The Spectrograph as an Aid in Criminal Investigation, " " The Quantitative Estimation of Barbiturates in Blood by Ultraviolet Spectrometry, " " Paper Chromatography in Criminal Investigation, " " A New Test for Seminal Stains, " " Visualizing of Writing on Charred Paper, " " Bullet Holes and Chemical Residues In Shooting Cases, " and " Paper Chromatography for Identification of Common Barbiturates"
37.
Among these, were : " The Spectrograph as an Aid in Criminal Investigation, " " The Quantitative Estimation of Barbiturates in Blood by Ultraviolet Spectrometry, " " Paper Chromatography in Criminal Investigation, " " A New Test for Seminal Stains, " " Visualizing of Writing on Charred Paper, " " Bullet Holes and Chemical Residues In Shooting Cases, " and " Paper Chromatography for Identification of Common Barbiturates"
