Pectus excavatum is sometimes considered to be cosmetic but depending on the severity, it can impair cardiac and respiratory function and cause pain in the chest and back.
32.
However, there appears to be two conditions with increased incidence in the breed : lordosis ( excessive curvature of the spine ) and pectus excavatum ( hollowed chest ).
33.
These include pes planus, clubfoot, scoliosis and / or kyphosis, pectus abnormalities, cubitus valgus, congenital hip dysplasia, spina bifida occulta, and genu valgum.
34.
During a fellowship in the United States, he pioneered the reproduction of pectus deformities in animal experiments, as a step towards understanding, preventing and treating pectus deformities.
35.
During a fellowship in the United States, he pioneered the reproduction of pectus deformities in animal experiments, as a step towards understanding, preventing and treating pectus deformities.
36.
The 10-year-old boy suffered from a congenital condition called pectus excavatum, or sunken or funnel chest, that occurs in about one child in 1, 000.
37.
Expert opinion suggests that the noncompliant chest wall deformity or significant asymmetry of the pectus carinatum deformity caused by a concomitant excavatum-type deformity may not respond to orthotic bracing ."
38.
Chest wall deformities such as pectus excavatum can cause the sternum to invert, thus increasing the index, which can reach 3.25 or even as high as 5.5
39.
Pectus excavatum is also a relatively common symptom of Noonan syndrome, Marfan syndrome and Loeys-Dietz syndrome and sometimes is found in other connective tissue disorders such as Ehlers Danlos Syndrome.
40.
Associated conditions include hypoplasia of nasal bridge, laryngomalacia, pectus carinatum, congenital heart defects, ventriculomegaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, stippled epiphyses, telebrachydactyly, and growth retardation.
