Recently, researchers fabricated a graphene-based Bragg grating ( one-dimensional photonic crystal ) and demonstrated that it supports excitation of surface electromagnetic waves in the periodic structure by using 633 nm He-Ne laser as the light source.
32.
These include an explanation of the nature of leaky waves and how to calculate them, a new derivation for small aperture and small obstacle expressions, radial and spherical transmission line theories, new results for propagation through periodic structures, and so on.
33.
"' Extraordinary optical transmission "'( "'EOT "') is the phenomenon of greatly enhanced transmission of light through a subwavelength aperture in an otherwise opaque metallic film which has been patterned with a regularly repeating periodic structure.
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This feature, in combination with the fact that the molecules have well-defined ends, differentiates EMACs from other kinds of molecular wires : EMACs exist only as distinct molecular entities, they do not aggregate and they do not form periodic structures of repeating units.
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This periodic wavefront can be generated by spatially coherent illumination of a periodic structure, like a diffraction grating, and if so the intensity distribution of the wave field at the Talbot length resembles exactly the structure of the grating and is called a self-image.
36.
Although Sallust s purposes in writing have been debated over the years, it seems logical to classify him as a senatorial historian who adopted the attitude of a anaphora, and chiasmus reflect preference for the old-fashioned Latin style of Cato to the Ciceronian periodic structure of his own era.
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Every crystal is a periodic structure which can be characterized by a Bravais lattice, and for each Bravais lattice we can determine the reciprocal lattice, which encapsulates the periodicity in a set of three reciprocal lattice vectors ( "'b 1, b 2, b 3 "').
38.
In conclusion one can say that the exit-wave function reconstruction method has most advantages for determining the ( aperiodic ) atomic structure of defects and small clusters and CIP is the method of choice if the periodic structure is in focus of the investigation or when defocus series of HREM images cannot be obtained, e . g . due to beam damage of the sample.
39.
An extension of the mechanism was also proposed to account for the development of periodic structures with periodicity larger than the laser beam's wavelength ( i . e . grooves ) that are formed perpendicularly to the subwavelength-sized ripples; the proposed physical mechanism assumes the suppression of surface plasmon excitation followed by the formation of hydrothermal convection rolls that propagate parallel to the electric field polarisation.
40.
The Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion equations in combination with " Rs " and " Rp ", must be collected over a large wavelength range from a periodic structure ( grating ), and then analyzed with a model that incorporates Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion equations and RCWA . Inputs into the model include grating pitch and " n " and " k " spectra of all materials within the structure, while outputs can include Depth, CDs at multiple locations, and even sidewall angle.
