One must take into account an additional phase delay due to the finite distance between the elements which further delays the phase of the currents in both the directors and reflector ( s ).
32.
In loudspeakers, transient response performance is affected by the mass and resonances of drivers and enclosures and by group delay and phase delay introduced by crossover filtering or inadequate time alignment of the loudspeaker's drivers.
33.
At this length the phase delay and the interference of any reflections on the line become important and can lead to unpredictable behaviour in systems which have not been carefully designed using transmission line theory.
34.
Many types of feedline is split using an electrical network in order to provide power to the elements, with careful attention paid to the relative phase delays due to transmission between the common point and each element.
35.
About five hours after usual bedtime, coinciding with the body temperature nadir ( the lowest point of the core body temperature during sleep ) the PRC peaks and the effect changes abruptly from phase delay to phase advance.
36.
In media termed birefringent, in which the amplitudes are unchanged but a differential phase delay occurs, the Jones matrix is a unitary matrix : | " g " 1 | = | " g " 2 | = 1.
37.
Compared to finite-order approximations of the Gaussian filter, the Bessel filter has better shaping factor, flatter phase delay, and flatter group delay than a Gaussian of the same order, though the Gaussian has lower time delay and zero overshoot.
38.
In electronics and signal processing, a "'Bessel filter "'is a type of analog linear filter with a maximally flat group / phase delay ( maximally linear phase response ), which preserves the wave shape of filtered signals in the passband.
39.
Additionally, it can be shown that the group delay, \ displaystyle \ tau _ g, and phase delay, \ displaystyle \ tau _ \ phi, are frequency-dependent, and they can be computed from the phase shift \ displaystyle \ phi by
40.
In practice, there is an unknown phase delay between the transmitter and receiver that must be compensated by " synchronization " of the receivers local oscillator ( i . e . the sine and cosine functions in the above figure ).
