I do not understand how you get from the undisputed fact that phonemic transcriptions are not entirely phonetically accurate to the conclusion that phonemic transcriptions do not have content ( and that we are therefore free to deliberately invent our own transcription conventions ).
32.
The second component is related to the diversity at the graphemic level, and to the complexity of determining the graphemic elements of a word ( graphemic parsing ), i . e ., how to align a phonemic transcription to its spelling counterpart.
33.
A transcription that gives only a basic idea of the sounds of a language in the broadest terms is called a " broad transcription "; in some cases this may be equivalent to a phonemic transcription ( only without any theoretical claims ).
34.
For simplicity, phonemic transcriptions typically choose only one of these parameters to be distinctive, either RTR as in the chart at right and Igbo orthography ( that is, as ), or vowel space as in the alphabetic chart below ( that is, as ).
35.
Another consequence is that phonetic transcriptions of a word from speakers with different accents will always be different, whereas phonemic transcriptions of the word will often ( though not always ) be the same .-- talk ) 20 : 57, 19 April 2009 ( UTC)
36.
Although it might be desirable to use a transliteration scheme where the original Bengali orthography is recoverable from the Latin text, Bengali words are currently Romanized on Wikipedia using a phonemic transcription, where the true phonetic pronunciation of Bengali is represented with no reference to how it is written.
37.
:: In general, claiming that a particular transcription is a phonemic transcription carries with it a substantial set of assumptions and conclusions about the phonology of a language, which, even for a well-studied languages like English, are not generally agreed upon, even among linguists ( especially among linguists ).
38.
A phonemic transcription will ignore this difference and only transcribe a single unit / t / in both cases, because functionally there is no systematic meaning-distinguishing contrast between the two realizations, while a phonetic transcription may render the aspirated version as [ t? ] . < & 13 : 47, 1 June 2013 ( UTC)
39.
:Agreed . / i / and / u / are also often ( typically ? ) pronounced as slightly rising and de-centering ( is that the opposite of centering ? [ anti-centering ? radiating ? ] ) diphthongs, especially in careful speech, but they aren't usually represented as a diphthong in phonemic transcription.
40.
For example, one particular pronunciation of the English word " little " may be transcribed using the IPA as or; the broad, phonemic transcription, placed between slashes, indicates merely that the word ends with phoneme, but the narrow, allophonic transcription, placed between square brackets, indicates that this final ( ) is dark ( velarized ).