From 1880 on, Pierre and Jacques Curie started a serie of research on crystal electrical properties that led to the piezoelectricity discovery.
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Langevin's successful application of the use of piezoelectricity in the generation and detection of ultrasound waves was followed by further development.
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One is piezomagnetism, which consists of linear coupling between a magnetic field in a solid and a deformation ( analogous to piezoelectricity ).
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Due to this, wurtzite crystals can ( and generally do ) have properties such as piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity, which centrosymmetric crystals lack.
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By Neumann's law, the symmetry of a crystal determines what physical properties, including piezoelectricity and ferromagnetism, the crystal can have.
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Pierre Curie and his brother, Jacques Curie, studied pyroelectricity in the 1880s, leading to their discovery of some of the mechanisms behind piezoelectricity.
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For example, lead zirconate titanate crystals will generate measurable piezoelectricity when their static structure is deformed by about 0.1 % of the original dimension.
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It is used in electroplating, in electronics and piezoelectricity, and as a combustion accelerator in cigarette paper ( similar to an oxidizer in pyrotechnics ).
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Electrostriction applies to all crystal symmetries, while the piezoelectric effect only applies to the 20 piezoelectric quadratic effect, unlike piezoelectricity, which is a linear effect.
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This type of locally engineered piezoelectricity is similar in magnitude to that of bulk piezoelectric materials and makes graphene a candidate for control and sensing in nanoscale devices.
