The process may extends to huge sparks streamers in lightning discharges propagate by formation of electron avalanches created in the high potential gradient ahead of the streamers'advancing tips.
32.
The Hill reaction is the light-driven transfer of electrons from water to Hill reagents ( non-physiological oxidants ) against a " chemical potential gradient ".
33.
There are opposite signs between gravitational field and potential, because the potential gradient and field are opposite in direction : as the potential increases, the gravitational field strength decreases and vice versa.
34.
Metal oxidation results in localised acidity that is maintained by the spatial separation of the cathodic and anodic half-reactions, which creates a potential gradient and electromigration of aggressive anions into the pit.
35.
A factor here is that there are often cross-effects between distinct transfers, for example that transfer of one substance may cause transfer of another even when the latter has zero chemical potential gradient.
36.
The CP shielding phenomenon induces changes in the potential gradient of the CP system across the exterior coating, which are further pronounced in areas of insufficient or sub-standard CP current emanating from the pipeline's CP system.
37.
Since the ring is at the same potential as the conductor, the presence of the ring reduces the potential gradient at the surface of the conductor greatly, below the disruptive potential gradient, so corona does not form on the metal points.
38.
Since the ring is at the same potential as the conductor, the presence of the ring reduces the potential gradient at the surface of the conductor greatly, below the disruptive potential gradient, so corona does not form on the metal points.
39.
The most effective distance between electrodes occurs at an electric potential gradient of about 10 kV / cm, which is just below the nominal breakdown voltage of air between two sharp points, at a current density level usually referred to as the saturated corona current condition.
40.
It is not really arcing, but rather the ionization and breakdown of the air around conductors, especially at transmission voltages and particularly around sharp points or sharp edges, where the potential gradient is the greatest . talk ) 20 : 37, 9 February 2008 ( UTC)
