Rivals and some state attorneys general are complaining that with its Windows XP system, Microsoft is engaging in the same sort of product bundling that gave rise to the current federal antitrust case involving the company's Internet Explorer browser.
32.
In comparison to product bundling, which is a strategy of offering more than one product for promotion as one combined item to create differentiation and greater value, product lining consists of selling different related products individually ( Chen, 1997 ).
33.
For instance, a distinction must be made between product bundling, which is a legal market strategy, and heterodox economists of the Austrian school ) reject the term, seeing all " anti-competitive behavior " as forms of competition that benefit consumers.
34.
On non-orientable manifolds this identification cannot be made, since the density bundle is the tensor product of the orientation bundle of " M " and the " n "-th exterior product bundle of " T * M " ( see pseudotensor .)
35.
Examples of what businesses use data mining is to include performing market analysis to identify new product bundles, finding the root cause of manufacturing problems, to prevent customer attrition and acquire new customers, cross-selling to existing customers, and profiling customers with more accuracy.
36.
The question relates to the current case because the government alleges that Microsoft's Windows operating system and its Internet Explorer browser are in fact two products bundled together for the purpose of forcing customers who want its industry-standard operating system to also take its browser.
37.
The linchpin of Microsoft's defense in its antitrust trial is that its Internet Explorer, or IE, browser is a seamless feature of Windows _ not, as the government contends, a separate product bundled with Windows in an effort to give it an unfair advantage against Netscape.
38.
"Microsoft has already said it is planning to include speech capabilities in Windows 2000, " said Peter Fleming, an industry consultant in Watertown, Mass ., although he notes that such product bundling could invite the same kind of government scrutiny that the giant software maker is already facing in its antitrust trial.
39.
Pricing strategies can be used to gain the most revenue such as product bundling, forming separable modules, and price discrimination with product variants and target groups . ( 2004 ) Calculations of consumer surplus is one way that software firms can keep track of their perception by customers in an integrative way.
40.
At issue on both days has been a videotape that Microsoft has showed in court to try to demonstrate a key defense point _ that its Windows operating system and Internet browser are not, as the government contends, separate products bundled together to stifle competition, but a single product blended seamlessly to benefit consumers.
