The agreement requires a freeze on the operation and construction of the DPRK's plutonium production reactors and their related facilities, and the IAEA is responsible for monitoring the freeze until the facilities are eventually dismantled.
32.
All nuclear weapon states have taken the more conventional path to nuclear weapons by either uranium enrichment or producing low burn up, " fuel-grade " and weapons-grade plutonium, in reactors capable of operating as production reactors.
33.
And the program helped pay to eliminate weapons-grade plutonium by converting the cores of Russia's remaining plutonium production reactors and to dismantle and convert for peaceful use facilities that once made material for chemical or biological weapons.
34.
With U . S . assistance, Russia has agreed to shut down the plutonium production reactors in Zheleznogorsk and Seversk, but only if two fossil-fuel power plants are built to replace the electricity now supplied by the reactors.
35.
It was a one-of-a-kind design in the U . S ., being both a plutonium production reactor for nuclear weapons and, from 1966, producing electricity to feed the civilian power grid via the Washington Public Power Supply System or WPPSS.
36.
The site holds defunct plutonium production reactors, chemical processing facilities, 177 underground storage tanks of radioactive and chemical wastes, and vast amounts of earth and groundwater contaminated by chemical and radioactive materials, some of which is leaching into the Columbia River.
37.
She worked with Fermi on the Manhattan Project, and, together with her first husband John Marshall, she subsequently helped solve the problem of xenon poisoning at the Hanford plutonium production site, and supervised the construction and operation of Hanford's plutonium production reactors.
38.
"If the Cold War had not ended, we'd have run out of tritium long before now, " said Troy Wade, who was the assistant secretary for defense programs when the last of the production reactors, at the agency's Savannah River Site, broke down.
39.
For instance, production reactors would use a thick " blanket " containing lithium around the reactor core in order to capture the high-energy neutrons being released, both to protect the rest of the reactor mass from these neutrons as well as produce tritium for fuel.
40.
This led him to a major program for the measurement of spent nuclear fuel composition, a matter of significant importance to the nuclear weapons programs where both tritium and plutonium were created in production reactors . the International Atomic Energy Agency adopted his techniques for use in proliferation studies.
