Protons are produced by a medical synchrotron or cyclotron, extracting them from proton donor materials and accelerating them in successive travels through a circular, evacuated conduit or cavity, using powerful magnets, until they reach sufficient energy ( usually about 200 MeV ) to enable them to approximately traverse a human body, then stop.
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Working with Lowry, he also developed the often-used theory of proton donation, theorizing that a hydrogen atom ( which is always found in an acid ) ionizes into hydronium upon dissolving in water, thereby losing its electron and becoming a proton donor, and that hydroxide ( a water molecule stripped of one of its two hydrogen atoms ) is a proton receiver.
