Quinolinic acid then reacts with phosphoriboxyl pyrophosphate catalyzed by quinolinic acid phosphoribosyl transferase ( QPT ) to form niacin mononucleotide ( NaMN ).
32.
Natural phenols such as catechin hydrate, curcumin, and epigallocatechin gallate reduce the neurotoxicity of quinolinic acid, via anti-oxidant and possibly calcium influx mechanisms.
33.
Norharmane, via inhibition of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase exerts neuroprotective properties by suppressing kynurenine neurotoxic metabolites such as quinolinic acid, 3-hydroxy-kynurenine and nitric oxide synthase.
34.
When patients were treated with zidovudine to decrease quinolinic acid levels, the amount of neurological improvement was related to the amount of quinolinic acid decreased.
35.
When patients were treated with zidovudine to decrease quinolinic acid levels, the amount of neurological improvement was related to the amount of quinolinic acid decreased.
36.
In addition, increased levels of quinolinic acid could play a role in impairment of the glial-neuronal network, which could be associated with the recurrent and chronic nature of depression.
37.
This glutamate further stimulates the NMDA receptors, thus acting synergistically with quinolinic acid to increase its neurotoxic effect by increasing the levels of glutamate, as well as inhibiting its uptake.
38.
The spirochetes may also induce host cells to secrete quinolinic acid, which stimulates the NMDA receptor on nerve cells, which may account for the fatigue and malaise observed with Lyme encephalopathy.
39.
Kochanek and his colleagues could find no trace of quinolinic acid in cerebrospinal fluid taken from 39 adults with head injuries who went to the hospital within 24 hours of being injured.
40.
His team has studied a range of biochemicals, including amino acids, immune system signaling molecules called cytokines, and quinolinic acid, produced by immune cells that slowly infiltrate the brain after an injury.
