The animals are both the same species, Rangifer tarandus, but about 7, 000 years of domestication in Eurasia has produced the reindeer's tendency to circle in tight groups, in contrast to the caribou's tendency to spread far and wide.
32.
In North America, because of its vast range in a wide diversity of ecosystems, the subspecies " Rangifer tarandus caribou " is further distinguished by a number of ecotypes, including boreal woodland caribou, mountain woodland caribou and migratory woodland caribou ).
33.
The species of caribou ( " Rangifer tarandus " ), a medium-sized ungulate, inhabit boreal, montane, and arctic environments, and " exhibit tremendous variation in ecology, genetics, behaviour and morphology . " Most are found in Canada.
34.
The Dolphin-Union Caribou herd locally known as "'Island Caribou "', are a migratory population of barren-ground caribou, " Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus ", that occupy Victoria Island in Canada's High Arctic and the nearby mainland.
35.
They are found primarily in Russian Karelia, and the provinces of North Karelia, Northern reindeer ( " Rangifer tarandus tarandus " ) in their larger size and preference for dense boreal forest habitat, where they are rarely seen by humans, over the open tundra.
36.
The caribou " evolved in North America and spread to Eurasia where they are known as reindeer . " The " glacial-interglacial cycles of the upper Pleistocene had a major influence on the evolution " of " Rangifer tarandus " and other Arctic and sub-Arctic species.
37.
The " Porcupine caribou " or " Grant's caribou " ( " Rangifer tarandus granti " ) is a subspecies with a vast range that includes northeastern Alaska and the Yukon, and is therefore cooperatively managed by government agencies and aboriginal peoples from both countries.
38.
According to IUCN " Rangifer tarandus " as a species is not endangered because of its overall large population and the widespread range . " R . t . pearyi " is endangered, " R . t . caribou " are designated as threatened and some individual populations are endangered.
39.
In the northwest of Lapland, reindeer husbandry has already been done for centuries, in contrast to the other regions of the Finnish reindeer husbandry area, where it was only introduced on a large scale in the 19th century after the eradication of the wild Finnish forest reindeer ( " Rangifer tarandus fennicus " ).
40.
The "'mountain reindeer "'( " Rangifer tarandus tarandus " ), also called the "'Norwegian reindeer, northern reindeer "'or "'mountain caribou "', is a midsize to large subspecies of reindeer that is native to the western Scandinavian Peninsula, particularly Norway.
