The source indicates that a tungsten filament at half the rated voltage passes just under 2 / 3 the current it passed at full voltage.
32.
Referring to IEC 60384-1, the allowed operating voltage for polymer e-caps is called the " rated voltage U R ".
33.
The rated voltage is the maximum DC voltage or peak pulse voltage that may be applied continuously at any temperature within the rated temperature range.
34.
That increases the later capacitance value, depending on the rated voltage, by the factor of up to 200 for solid niobium electrolytic capacitors.
35.
The use of eight bulbs ( 120 volts for 8 lamps equals 15 volts per lamp ) gives each lamp the rated voltage for proper brightness.
36.
For polymer Ta-e-caps the surge voltage can be 1.3 times the rated voltage, rounded off to the nearest volt.
37.
In IEC 60384-1 the allowed operating voltage is called the " rated voltage " U R or the " nominal voltage " U N.
38.
For this purpose, the rated voltage is applied to the capacitor via a series resistance of approximately 1 k? for a period of one hour.
39.
This surface area increase boosts the capacitance value by a factor of up to 200 ( depending on the rated voltage ) for solid tantalum electrolytic capacitors.
40.
The cylindrical polymer Al-e-caps are less expensive than corresponding polymer tantalum capacitors for a given CV value ( capacitance x rated voltage ).
