Being an anion, the chloride terms are treated differently from the cation terms; the intracellular concentration is in the numerator, and the extracellular concentration in the denominator, which is reversed from the cation terms . " P " i stands for the relative permeability of the ion type i.
32.
N _ \ mathit { o } = N _ \ mathit { w } = 2 is sometimes appropriate . The physical property K _ \ mathit { rw } ^ o is called the end point of the water relative permeability, and it is obtained either before or together with the optimizing of N _ \ mathit { o } and N _ \ mathit { w }.
33.
Where \ scriptstyle k _ { mnl } is the wavenumber, with \ scriptstyle m, \ scriptstyle n, \ scriptstyle l being the mode numbers and \ scriptstyle a, \ scriptstyle b, \ scriptstyle d being the corresponding dimensions; c is the speed of light in vacuum; and \ scriptstyle \ mu _ r and \ scriptstyle \ epsilon _ r are relative permeability and permittivity of the cavity filling respectively.
34.
Where w _ m is the volumetric fraction of the total porosity occupied by the porous medium, \ Gamma _ { ex } is the internal fluid exchange rate ( e . g . surface water, wells, and tile drains ), Q is the external fluid outside of the model domain, \ theta _ s is the saturated water content, S _ w is the degree of saturation, \ textbf { K } is the hydraulic conductivity tensor, k _ r is the relative permeability of the medium calculated as a function of saturation, \ psi is the pressure head, and z is the elevation head.
