As of 2005, three types of fruit bats ( " Hypsignathus monstrosus ", " Epomops franqueti ", and " Myonycteris torquata " ) have been identified as being in contact with EBOV . They are now suspected to represent the EBOV reservoir hosts.
32.
Another key elucidation based on his work is that infected people are not needed to maintain the natural transmission cycle of the " leishmania " protozoan parasite; viz ., the natural transmission cycle is sustainable by means of animal reservoir hosts along with sandflies.
33.
There is also evidence to suggest that strains of " Syngamus trachea " from wild bird reservoir hosts may be less effective in domestic birds; if they have an earthworm transport host rather than direct infections via ingestion of L3s, or eggs containing L3s.
34.
This may be because there are neither long-tailed nor pig-tailed macaques ( the reservoir hosts of " P . knowlesi " ) in Africa, and many West Africans lack the Duffy antigen-a protein on the surface of the red blood cell that the parasite uses to invade.
