| 31. | There are three known routes to retinol that are used industrially, all of which start with ?-ionone.
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| 32. | For instance, it has a role in conversion of retinol to retinoic acid, which is essential for survival.
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| 33. | However, the conversion of carotene to retinol varies from person to person and bioavailability of carotene in food varies.
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| 34. | These two functions retinol transporter and cytokine receptor while using different pathways, are processes that depend on each other.
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| 35. | There are several carotenoids which can be converted to retinol by the human body, most noteably beta-carotene.
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| 36. | It then enters the RPE cells, and is transferred to the Cellular Retinol Binding Protein ( CRBP ) chaperone.
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| 37. | CRABP2 is specifically co-expressed with RAR-? and cellular retinol binding protein 1 genes in certain tissues.
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| 38. | The conversion of all-trans-retinol to 11-cis-retinal is a very oxygen intensive process.
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| 39. | Since then, vitamin manufacturers have reduced the level of retinol vitamin A in multivitamins, often partially substituting beta carotene.
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| 40. | There also are strict limits on the retinol content for vitamin A during pregnancies that are specifically addressed by prenatal formulas.
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