| 31. | Other studies, however, have shown that creatine increases the activity of satellite cells, which make muscle hypertrophy possible.
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| 32. | Increased levels of myostatin up-regulate a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor called p21 and thereby inhibit the differentiation of satellite cells.
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| 33. | In muscle tissue, that protein sends a signal to satellite cells, which are immature cells within the muscle tissue.
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| 34. | In undamaged muscle, the majority of satellite cells are " quiescent "; they neither differentiate nor undergo cell division.
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| 35. | These results suggest that a light, endurance training regimen may be useful to counteract the age-correlated satellite cell decrease.
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| 36. | In high-resistance training, activation and proliferation of satellite cells are evidenced by increased cyclinD1 mRNA, and p21 mRNA levels.
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| 37. | As such, the satellite cell niche is relatively ill-defined and it is likely that it consists of multiple sub-populations.
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| 38. | Activated by stimuli such as injury or high mechanical load, satellite cells are required for muscle regeneration in adult organisms.
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| 39. | Satellite cells are precursors to skeletal muscle cells, able to give rise to satellite cells or differentiated skeletal muscle cells.
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| 40. | Human studies have shown that both high resistance training and endurance training have yielded an increased number of satellite cells.
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