Odorants penetrate into the cuticle pores of chemosensory sensilla and get in contact with insect odorant binding proteins ( OBPs ) or Chemosensory proteins ( CSPs ), before activating the sensory neurons.
32.
In insects smells are sensed by olfactory sensory neurons in the chemosensory sensilla, which are present in insect antenna, palps and tarsa, but also on other parts of the insect body.
33.
Their chemosensory sensilla, which have their olfactory neurons are primarily located at the tips of their antennae, as well as on their maxillary palps, aid in their hunt for food sources.
34.
Characterizations of the arrangement of sensory organs known as campaniform sensilla, found at the base of the haltere, show many similarities to those found at the base of the hindwings in other insects.
35.
The highest density of campaniform sensilla on the fly is found at the base of the modified hind-wings, or halteres, which function as gyroscopic sensors of self-motion during flight.
36.
The sensilla are arranged in a way so similar to that of hindwings, that were the halteres to be replaced with wings, the forces produced would still be sufficient to activate the same sensory organs.
37.
Insects detect sound by special hairs or sensilla located on the antennae ( mosquitoes ) or genitalia ( cockroaches ), or by more complicated tympanal organs ( butterflies, grasshoppers, locusts, and moths ).
38.
In insects smells are sensed by sensilla located on the antenna and maxillary palp and first processed by the antennal lobe ( analogous to the olfactory bulb ), and next by the mushroom bodies and lateral horn.
39.
When a male detects the pheromone, he shows patterned oscillatory movement that creates vibrations on the leaves ( an average frequency of 76 sensilla and respond to touching with either female silk or the synthetic compound of the pheromone.
40.
The antennae are small and bear three sensilla and the N . ensifer ", but " N . ensifer " larvae can be distinguished by the abundance of hair with long stouts found on the body.
