Recent studies showed that VrrA expression is activated by the alternative stress sigma factor, sigma E, unlike other strains of bacteria such as transcription increases on exposure to UV light and that over expression of VrrA resulted in an increase in outer membrane vesicles secreted.
32.
The up-regulation of HSPs during heat shock is generally controlled by a single transcription factor; in eukaryotes this regulation is performed by heat shock factor ( HSF ), while ? 32 is the heat shock sigma factor in " Escherichia coli ".
33.
Pyoverdine biosynthesis seems to be largely regulated through the activity of the alternate sigma factor PvdS which, in turn, is regulated both by the Fur system and by the intracellular sequestration of PvdS at the plasma membrane and away from the nucleoid by the repressor FpvI.
34.
In a genomic comparison with " Bacillus subtilis ", " B . halodurans " strain C-125-originally an unclassified " Bacillus " strain-was found to contain unique genes and sigma factors that may have aided its adaptation to more alkaline environments.
35.
SRNA scr4677 ( " Streptomyces " " coelicolor " sRNA 4677 ) is located in the intergenic region between anti-sigma factor SCO4677 gene and a putative regulatory protein gene SCO4676 . scr4677 expression requires the SCO4677 activity and scr4677 sRNA itself seem to affect the levels of the SCO4676-associated transcripts.
36.
RNA Polymerase sigma 70 binding : The picture shows the region-35 and-10 of the promoter, which are the main regions of interactions with the sigma factor . [ [ File : Gene promoters according to T1D, IDM and T2D . png | thumb | Distribution of gene promoters associated with type 1 diabetes ( T1D ), Intermediary Diabetes Mellitus ( IDM ) and type 2 diabetes ( T2D ).
37.
In addition, conserved signature indels in a number of proteins including a four-amino-acid insert in transcription repair coupling factor Mfd, a 10-amino-acid insert in ribosomal protein L19, one-amino-acid inserts each in the FtsZ protein and the major sigma factor 70, and a one-amino-acid deletion in exonuclease VII protein that are specific for the Rickettsiaceae species have been identified.
38.
These indels consist of a four-amino-acid insertion in transcription repair coupling factor Mfd, a 10-amino-acid insertion in ribosomal protein L19, a one-amino-acid insertion in FtsZ, a one-amino-acid insertion in major sigma factor 70, and a one-amino-acid deletion in exonuclease VII . These indels are all characteristic of the genus and serve as molecular markers for " Rickettsia ".
