The first prototype of an improved AMX-30 for the export market, known as the AMX-32, was unveiled in June 1979 . Originally intended as an alternative for the AMX-30B2, and deliberately imitating the spaced armour concept the Germans had successfully implemented on the Leopard 1A3 and A4, the AMX-32 fielded greater armour protection to offer increased survivability against anti-tank guided missiles.
32.
Based on the US M41 Bulldog, which Bernardini had been upgrading for the Brazilian Armed Forces to the M41B and C configurations ( new Scania V-8 diesel engine, modified electrical system, addition of night sights and laser range finder, side skirts, additional spaced armour for the forward part of the hull, glacis plate and turret and replacement of the original 76 mm gun with a 90 mm one ), the follow on MB-3 Tamoyo had a lengthened hull and an additional road wheel.
33.
German tactical doctrine for the use of the Panther emphasized the importance of flank protection . thick spaced armour, known as " Sch�rzen ", intended to provide protection for the lower side hull from Soviet anti-tank rifle fire, was fitted on the hull side . " Zimmerit " coating against magnetic mines started to be applied at the factory on late Ausf D models beginning in September 1943; an order for field units to apply " Zimmerit " to older versions of the Panther was issued in November 1943.
