As a demonstration of Loschmidt's paradox, a famous modern counterexample ( not to Boltzmann's original gas-related " H "-theorem, but to a closely related analogue ) is the phenomenon of spin echo.
32.
Spin echo measurements are an appropriate tilted projection for quasi-elastic measurements of surface dynamics because the raw data are closely related to the intermediate scattering function ( ISF ), which in many cases can be interpreted in terms of standard dynamical signatures.
33.
When examining the rotator cuff, the MRA has a couple of advantages compared to the native MRI . Through a fat suppressed T2-weighted spin echo, MRA can reproduce an extreme high fat-water-contrast, which helps to detect water-deposits with better damage diagnosis in structurally changed collagen fiber bundles.
34.
The spin echo is a 90?pulse followed by a 180?separated by a time period ? and is applied on the proton, the sensitive nucleus ( designated perhaps counter-intuitively as the " I " spin, with the insenstive nucleus the " S " spin, note however that the original paper on INEPT used the opposite designations ).
35.
In the early 1970s Sawatzky and his co-workers used transport measurements and various resonant techniques like NMR to study spin echo NMR . The knowledge obtained concerning spin echo NMR led to the discovery of the so-called sand memory, which is a memory based on a powder of crystalline SiO 2 in which the address of information is the frequency of an electromagnetic pulse and the content of such an address is observable in an echo at a time separation equal to that written perhaps a long time ago at the same frequency.
36.
In the early 1970s Sawatzky and his co-workers used transport measurements and various resonant techniques like NMR to study spin echo NMR . The knowledge obtained concerning spin echo NMR led to the discovery of the so-called sand memory, which is a memory based on a powder of crystalline SiO 2 in which the address of information is the frequency of an electromagnetic pulse and the content of such an address is observable in an echo at a time separation equal to that written perhaps a long time ago at the same frequency.
