Males use a range of different stridulations for signaling their presence in the territory, for engaging in a dispute with a rival of the same sex or for courting females.
32.
Though male stridulation can lead to death, long-winged conehead males continue to produce their song because the benefits of attracting a female outweigh the costs of being eaten.
33.
Males court females by producing a calling signal by stribulating with hindlegs and wings, the hindlegs are used alternately to rub against the tegmen in a behaviour called alternate stridulation.
34.
Stratton, produces low-frequency sounds by flexing its abdomen ( tremulation, rather than stridulation ) or high-frequency stridulation by using the cymbia on the ends of its pedipalps.
35.
Stratton, produces low-frequency sounds by flexing its abdomen ( tremulation, rather than stridulation ) or high-frequency stridulation by using the cymbia on the ends of its pedipalps.
36.
Adults produce a pungent odor ( isobutyric acid ) when disturbed, and are also capable of producing a particular sound by rubbing the rostrum over a stridulatory sulcus under its head ( stridulation ).
37.
Stridulation consists of the clicking or grinding of bony parts on the fish s pectoral fins and pectoral girdle, and drumming consists of the contraction of specialized sonic muscles with subsequent reverberation through the swimbladder.
38.
Velvet ants ( actually parasitic wasps ) such as " Dasymutilla occidentalis " both have bright colours and produce audible noises when grabbed ( via stridulation ), which serve to reinforce the warning.
39.
The most distinctive feature of the family is that the tip of the rostrum fits into a groove in the prosternum, where it may be used for stridulation by rasping it against ridges in the groove.
40.
Stridulation in several of these examples is for attracting a mate, or as a form of territorial behaviour, but can also be a warning signal ( acoustic aposematism, as in velvet ants and tarantulas ).
