The maximum smoothed sunspot number ( monthly number of sunspots averaged over a twelve-month period ) observed during the solar cycle was 48.7, in May 1816 ( the lowest of any cycle to date, as a result of being part of the Dalton Minimum ), and the minimum was 0.1.
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There are some recent speculations that cycle 4, the longest solar cycle since 1755, was actually two cycles, based on the appearance of new sunspots at high solar latitudes in 1793-1796 and a reconstruction of the sunspot butterfly diagram for cycles 3 and 4, although total sunspot numbers only show a single-peaked distribution.
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These variations have been successfully reproduced using models that employ magnetic flux continuity equations and observed sunspot numbers to quantify the emergence of magnetic flux from the top of the solar atmosphere and into the Heliosphere, showing that sunspot observations, geomagnetic activity and cosmogenic isotopes offer a convergent understanding of solar activity variations . 2, 300 year Hallstatt solar variation cycles.
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The 87 year ( 70 100 year Gleissberg cycle, named after Wolfgang Glei�berg, is thought to be an amplitude modulation of the Schwabe Cycle, The Gleisberg cycle implied that the next solar cycle have a maximum smoothed sunspot number of about 145?0 in 2010 ( instead 2010 was just after the cycle's solar minimum ) and that the following cycle have a maximum of about 70?0 in 2023.
