It passes downward and to the right behind the peritoneum toward the right iliac fossa, where it divides into a superior and an inferior branch; the inferior gives rise to the appendicular artery and anastomoses with the end of the superior mesenteric artery, the superior with the right colic artery.
32.
In human anatomy, the superior mesenteric artery arises from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta, just inferior to the origin of the celiac trunk, and supplies the intestine from the lower part of the duodenum through two-thirds of the transverse colon, as well as the pancreas.
33.
In human anatomy, the "'inferior mesenteric artery "', often abbreviated as "'IMA "', is the third main branch of the abdominal aorta and arises at the level of watershed ) with the middle colic artery, and therefore the superior mesenteric artery.
34.
The deep branch consistently arises from the right hepatic artery which is generally also the source of origin of the superficial branch, however in some cases it has been found to initiate from the anterior segmental artery, middle hepatic artery, left hepatic artery, superior mesenteric artery, gastroduodenal artery or retroduodenal artery.
35.
According to some authors, who use the original description by Treitz, the muscle may be divided into two sections : a ligamentous portion attaching the right crus of diaphragm to the connective tissue surrounding the coeliac artery and superior mesenteric artery; and a lower muscular portion from the connective tissue attaching to the duodenum.
36.
The next branch from the abdominal aorta is the superior mesenteric artery, which supplies the regions of the digestive tract derived from the midgut, which includes the distal 2 / 3 of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and the proximal 2 / 3 of the transverse colon.
37.
"' Superior mesenteric artery ( SMA ) syndrome "'is a rare, potentially life-threatening syndrome is typically caused by an angle of 6?25?between the AA and the SMA, in comparison to the normal range of 38?56? due to a lack of retroperitoneal and visceral fat ( mesenteric fat ).
38.
It surrounds the superior mesenteric artery, accompanies it into the mesentery, and divides into a number of secondary plexuses, which are distributed to all the parts supplied by the artery, viz ., pancreatic branches to the pancreas; intestinal branches to the small intestine; and ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic branches, which supply the corresponding parts of the great intestine.
39.
The "'celiac plexus "'or "'coeliac plexus "', also known as the "'solar plexus "'because of its radiating nerve fibers, is a complex network of nerves ( a nerve plexus ) located in the abdomen, near where the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta.
40.
The AJCC-UICC staging system allows distinction between stage III tumors that are judged to be " borderline resectable " ( where surgery is technically feasible because the celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery are still free ) and those that are " unresectable " ( due to more locally advanced disease ); in terms of the more detailed TNM classification, these two groups correspond to T3 and T4 respectively.
