Since moyamoya tends to affect only the internal carotid artery and nearby sections of the adjacent anterior and middle cerebral arteries, surgeons can direct other arteries, such as the external carotid artery or the superficial temporal artery to replace its circulation.
32.
There was crushing of the brain ( which was forced against the wall of the cranium causing oedema and haemorrhage, increasing intra-cranial pressure and causing brain death ), together with the rupture of the temporal artery, haemorrhage in the respiratory passages and the consequent heart failure.
33.
The lacrimal artery also give off one or two "'zygomatic branches "', one of which passes through the zygomatico-temporal foramen, to reach the temporal fossa, and anastomoses with the deep temporal arteries; another appears on the cheek through the zygomatico-facial foramen, and anastomoses with the transverse facial.
34.
The most common vessels involved in the pain of migraine are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery, and in particular, the superficial temporal artery and its frontal branch, and the occipital artery, but the maxillary, posterior auricular, supra-orbital, and supra-trochlear branches may also be involved.
35.
It then changes its course and runs vertically upward, pierces the fascia connecting the cranial attachment of the trapezius with the sternocleidomastoideus, and ascends in a tortuous course in the superficial fascia of the scalp, where it divides into numerous branches, which reach as high as the posterior auricular and superficial temporal arteries.
36.
There are many operations that have been developed for the condition, but currently the most favored are the in-direct procedures EDAS, EMS, and multiple burr holes and the direct procedure STA-MCA . Direct superficial temporal artery ( STA ) to middle cerebral artery ( MCA ) bypass is considered the treatment of choice, although its efficacy, particularly for hemorrhagic disease, remains uncertain.
