The other three muscles close the mouth; the masseter and the medial pterygoid by pulling up the angle of the mandible and the temporalis by pulling up on the coronoid process of the mandible.
32.
In modern felids, the occipital bone extends backward, but the temporalis muscles that attach to this surface are strained when opening the jaw wide as the muscle is wrapped around the glenoid process.
33.
Cladists classify land vertebrates based on the presence of an neither in the cover of dermal bone that formerly covered the temporalis muscle, whose origin is the temple and whose insertion is the jaw.
34.
These may include the thick muscle in the cheek that closes the jaw ( masseter muscle ) and the broad muscle that draws back the lower jaw and closes the mouth ( temporalis muscle ).
35.
Considering that poi does not require chewing, the dogs might have lost the need to maintain strong temporalis muscles; a reduced temporal fossa will cause a dog's head to appear flattened.
36.
From this network frontal and parietal branches arise, and unite above the zygomatic arch to form the trunk of the vein, which is joined by the middle temporal vein emerging from the temporalis muscle.
37.
The postcranial remains were still very similar . " Paranthropus " was more massively built craniodentally and tended to sport gorilla-like sagittal crests on the cranium which anchored massive temporalis muscles of mastication.
38.
The jaw indicated that " C . dirus " had a relatively broader and more massive temporalis muscle, indicating that it could generate slightly more bite-force than " lupus ".
39.
This typically involves the masseter muscle and the anterior portion of the temporalis ( the large outer muscles that clench ), and the lateral pterygoids, relatively small bilateral muscles that act together to perform sideways grinding.
40.
Its " medial surface " gives insertion to the Temporalis, and presents a ridge which begins near the apex of the process and runs downward and forward to the inner side of the last molar tooth.
