Unmodified abscripts are detected and quantified by LC-MS ( liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry or rTLC ( rapid thin layer chromatography ), but the use of modified nucleotides as abscription substrates allows for other types of detection ( capillary electrophoresis, fluorescence ).
32.
"' Retention uniformity "', or " R U ", is a concept in thin layer chromatography, designed for quantitative measurement of " equal-spreading " of the spots on the chromatographic plate and one of the Chromatographic response functions.
33.
"' Retention distance "', or " R D ", is a concept in thin layer chromatography, designed for quantitative measurement of " equal-spreading " of the spots on the chromatographic plate and one of the Chromatographic response functions.
34.
The detection of xylazine in biological fluids in humans involves various screening methods, such as urine screenings, thin layer chromatography ( TLC ), gas chromatography mass spectrometry ( GC-MS ), Remedi HS Bio-Rad Laboratories, and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry ( LC-MS ).
35.
While its only reported quantitative analysis was 0.14 % ( Appleseed ), all instances of co-occurrence with " D . illinoensis " showed it to be noticeably stronger than " D . illinoensis ", according to co-thin layer chromatography of the root bark.
36.
Each monograph details the exact herbal ingredients that make up the patent formula, usually accompanied by the specific tests that should be used for correct herb identification, such as thin layer chromatography ( TLC ) or high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ), the percentage of each ingredient, and specific cautions and contraindications.
37.
There are various analytical instruments and techniques used to characterized and monitor the different properties of lipids; X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC ), nuclear magnetic resonance which include 2 HNMR and 31 PNMR, thin layer chromatography ( TLC ), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching ( FRAP ), nearest-neighbor recognition ( NNR ), and atomic molecular dynamics simulations ( AMDS ).
