"' Richard Bookstaber "'( born 1950 ) is the author of " Option Pricing and Strategies in Investing " and " A Demon Of Our Own Design ", a book highlighting the fragility of the financial system that occurs from tight coupling and complexity.
32.
In 2012 Charles Perrow wrote, " A normal accident is where everyone tries very hard to play safe, but unexpected interaction of two or more failures ( because of interactive complexity ), causes a cascade of failures ( because of tight coupling ) ."
33.
Winner-take-all architectures for action selection soon became a common feature of behavior-based robots, because selection occurred at the level of the action modules ( bottom-up ) rather than at a separate cognitive level ( top-down ), producing a tight coupling of stimulus and reaction.
34.
Unlike bacteria, in which translation initiation occurs as soon as the 5'end of an mRNA is synthesized, in eukaryotes such tight coupling between transcription and translation is not possible because transcription and translation are carried out in separate compartments of the cell ( the nucleus and cytoplasm ).
35.
The appointment of Alfred Panter as Carriage and Wagon Works Manager under Robert Billinton in 1898 ( Carriage and Wagon Superintendent from 1912 ) led to the introduction of bogie carriages for mainline trains in 1905, but suburban services were operated by 6-wheeled " block trains " with solid wooden buffers, permanently tight coupled in sets of ten or 12.
