Derungs interprets landscape features in terms of " totemism, shamanism and Great Goddess in Neolithic Europe, and he associates megalithic monuments and elements of traditional fairy tales with these ideas.
32.
Freud hoped to prove that his model was universally valid and turned to ancient mythology and contemporary ethnography for comparative material arguing that totemism reflected a ritualized enactment of a tribal Oedipal conflict.
33.
Freud himself considered " The Return of Totemism in Childhood " his best-written work, and " Totem and Taboo " as a whole remained one of his favorite works.
34.
One of Robertson Smith's more influential essays, " Animal Worship and Animal Tribes among the Arabs and in the Old Testament ", directly follows MacLennan's ideas on totemism.
35.
They have often the form of plants or animals; there is a kind of totemism, but it is not accompanied by a regular food taboo of the respective animal or plant . and myths.
36.
In 1869 ( three years after Tylor proposed his definition of animism ), the Edinburgh lawyer, John Ferguson McLellan, argued that the animistic thinking evident in fetishism gave rise to a religion he named Totemism.
37.
Leah is generally known as a word for cow, and Rachel for myrtle . " Citing these animal-inspired names, Robertson Smith and others have attempted to find evidence of totemism among the ancient Hebrews.
38.
Nomadic religious belief systems and practices are believed to have included fetishism, totemism and veneration of the dead but were connected principally with immediate concerns and problems and did not consider larger philosophical questions such as the afterlife.
39.
Likewise, some scientists have proposed that Middle Paleolithic societies such as Neanderthal societies may also have practiced the earliest form of totemism or animal worship, in addition to their ( presumably religious ) burial of the dead.
40.
Scottish ethnologist John Ferguson McLennan, following the vogue of 19th-century research, addressed totemism in a broad perspective in his study " The Worship of Animals and Plants " ( 1869, 1870 ).
