Transamination or deamination of amino acids facilitates entering of their carbon skeleton into the cycle directly ( as pyruvate or oxaloacetate ), or indirectly via the citric acid cycle.
32.
Most amino acids are deaminated by "'transamination "', a chemical reaction that transfers an amino group to a ketoacid to form new amino acids.
33.
Additionally, the enzyme was engineered to handle high substrate concentrations ( 100 g / L ) and to tolerate the organic solvents, reagents and byproducts of the transamination reaction.
34.
In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the ?-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate.
35.
Because transamination reactions are readily reversible and pyruvate pervasive, alanine can be easily formed and thus has close links to metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the citric acid cycle.
36.
The starter unit for the biosynthesis of streptogramin A is isobutyryl-CoA, which is given by the amino acid valine after it has undergone transamination and branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenation.
37.
After transamination with alpha-ketoglutarate the carbon skeleton can be converted into either Succinyl CoA, and fed into the TCA cycle for oxidation or converted into oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis ( hence glucogenic ).
38.
Transamination leads to the same end result as deamination : the remaining acid will undergo either glycolysis or the TCA cycle to produce energy that the organism's body will use for various purposes.
39.
Transamination can thus be linked to deamination, effectively allowing nitrogen from the amine groups of amino acids to be removed, via glutamate as an intermediate, and finally excreted from the body in the form of urea.
40.
This is important in the biosynthesis of amino acids, as for many of the pathways, intermediates from other biochemical pathways are converted to the ?-keto acid skeleton, and then an amino group is added, often via transamination.
