The nation state, with its mass free public education, universal franchise, and social security policies promised to guarantee the welfare of the nation; the market state promises to maximize the opportunity of the people, and thus tends to privatize many state activities.
32.
Even though the Donoughmore Constitution had granted universal franchise to Ceylonese, this was not applied to the Indian Estate Tamils, due to opposition from caste-conscious Colombo Tamils, vote conscious Kandyan Sinhalese, as well as due to the general opposition to any form of universal franchise.
33.
Even though the Donoughmore Constitution had granted universal franchise to Ceylonese, this was not applied to the Indian Estate Tamils, due to opposition from caste-conscious Colombo Tamils, vote conscious Kandyan Sinhalese, as well as due to the general opposition to any form of universal franchise.
34.
The All-Ceylon Tamil league first opposed the DC on the grounds that the abolition of the communal ( representation ) principle when coupled with the universal franchise proposal would mean " death to the minorities ", as the Sinhalese would now receive over 50 % of the seats.
35.
He explained : " If the progress towards universal franchise was faster for elections to the Legco than for the Chief Executive, the CE would be regarded even more then than now as under the influence of the Central Government while the moral authority of Legco would be enhanced.
36.
Foreign Secretary Robin Cook made a pointed reference to this in January when he said in Hong Kong that if the Hong Kong government was committed to holding elections on a universal franchise over time, a " first step must be to restore a wider franchise to the functional constituencies ".
37.
One such conflict in Navalapitiya led to the first Sinhala-Tamil riot in 1939 . Ponnambalam opposed universal franchise, supported the caste system, and claimed that the protection of minority rights requires that minorities ( 35 % of the population in 1931 ) having an equal number of seats in parliament to that of the Sinhalese ( 65 % of the population ).
38.
In effect, the Ceylon Citizenship Act of 1948 and the Indian and Pakistani Residents ( Citizenship ) Act No . 3 of 1949 were passed by the Sri Lankan Parliament and simply reinforced the " status quo " of the harsher pre-Donoughmore era prior to Universal Franchise ( see Sri Lanka Tamils ( Indian origin ) for more details of dis-enfranchisement ).
39.
One such inflamed attack in Navalapitiya led to the first Sinhala-Tamil riot in 1939 . Ponnambalam opposed universal franchise, supported the caste system, and claimed that the protection of Tamil rights requires the Tamils ( 15 % of the population in 1931 ) having an equal number of seats in parliament to that of the Sinhalese ( about 72 % of the population ).
