The powder was heavily contaminated, they said, with what biologists call vegetative cells _ anthrax bacteria before processing in the lab turns them into hardened spores.
32.
Vegetative cells of diatoms are diploid ( 2N ) and so meiosis can take place, producing male and female gametes which then fuse to form the zygote.
33.
They will germinate within a day or two with the right environmental conditions, and then the vegetative cells, not as hardy as endospores, can be straightforwardly destroyed.
34.
In response to a hormogonium-inducing factor ( HIF ) secreted by plant hosts, cyanobacterial symbionts differentiate into hormogonia and then dedifferentiate back into vegetative cells after about 96 hours.
35.
"Z . bailii " vegetative cells are usually ellipsoid, non-motile and reproduced asexually by multilateral budding, i . e . the buds can arise from various sites on the cells.
36.
Vascular plants have two sets of chromosomes in their vegetative cells and are said to be diploid, i . e . each chromosome has a partner that contains the same, or similar, genetic information.
37.
The unicellular green alga, " Chlamydomonas reinhardtii " grows as vegetative cells in nutrient rich growth medium, but depletion of a source of nitrogen in the medium leads to gamete fusion, zygote formation and meiosis.
38.
Astrophysicist Steinn Sigurdsson said " There are viable bacterial spores that have been found that are 40 million years old on Earth and we know they're very hardened to radiation . " Common anti-bacterial agents that work by destroying vegetative cell walls do not affect endospores.
