It is estimated that visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) affects more than 100 million people worldwide, with 500, 000 new cases and more than 50, 000 deaths each year.
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"L . donovani " is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, traditionally known as " kala-azar " ( " black fever ", particularly in India ), because of its characteristic symptoms.
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About half a million people worldwide are infected annually with visceral leishmaniasis ( pronounced leesh-ma-NIGH-a-sis, also known as kala azar or black fever ), with about half of the cases in India.
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The complete differential diagnosis is extensive and requires consideration of many other infectious diseases such as typhoid fever, shigellosis, plague, Q fever, candidiasis, histoplasmosis, trypanosomiasis, visceral leishmaniasis, measles, and viral hepatitis among others.
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One of the compounds found in " P . harmala ", vasicine ( peganine ), has been found to kill " Leishmania donovani ", a protozoan parasite that can cause potentially fatal visceral leishmaniasis.
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Confirming earlier, smaller studies, an international team of researchers has found the drug miltefosine ( pronounced mill-TEFF-oh-seen ), a pill that can be taken orally, cured the disease, visceral leishmaniasis, 94 percent of the time.
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The study, published on Saturday in The Lancet, said the efforts against the disease, visceral leishmaniasis, had centered on spraying houses with insecticide and on killing stray dogs and pets that showed signs of being carriers.
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He synthesised Urea Stibamine ( carbostibamide ) in 1922 and determined that it was an effective substitute for the other antimony-containing compounds in the treatment of Kala-azar ( Visceral leishmaniasis ) which is caused by a protozoon, Leishmania donovani.
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One of them ( the rK39 immunochromatographic test ) gave correct, positive results in 92 % of the people with visceral leishmaniasis and it gave correct, negative results in 92 % of the people who did not have the disease.
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Doctors trying to fight visceral leishmaniasis are facing a growing problem of drug resistance, said WHO . Up to 60 percent of patients in India cannot be cured with current treatments, which are given by injection and require several hospital visits.
