| 31. | Typically, males are smaller than females, and can be told apart from the females by their yellow vocal sacs when calling.
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| 32. | Due to the males lack of vocal sacs, they have soft mating calls that can only be heard from short distances.
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| 33. | The vocal sac is open to the mouth cavity of the frog, with two slits on either side of the tongue.
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| 34. | Like the stoney creek frog ( " Litoria wilcoxi " ), and many other stream-dwelling frogs, waterfall frogs lack vocal sacs.
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| 35. | When the tadpoles are about to hatch, they are engulfed by the male, which carries them around inside his much-enlarged vocal sac.
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| 36. | Searching in the foliage, he whispers " Right here ! " and illuminates a frog as its vocal sac expands and constricts.
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| 37. | The species exhibits sexual dimorphism with males having single sub-gular vocal sac and a tubercle on the humerus while females lack them.
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| 38. | Although lacking a vocal sac, the males make a mating call of alternating long and short trills, by contracting the intrinsic laryngeal muscles.
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| 39. | A male can be distinguished from a female during breeding season due to the visibility of a dark-pigmented vocal sac on his throat.
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| 40. | Its head was more similar to a howler monkey's, which has a lower jaw that juts forward to accommodate an apple-size vocal sac.
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