Without this diode, when the solenoid is de-energized, the magnetic field that was built up in the coil collapses and generates a brief, high-voltage pulse backward into the wiring, capable of destroying the solid-state components used to control the solenoid.
32.
A high voltage is applied to the specimen, and either a laser pulse is applied to the specimen or a voltage pulse ( typically 1-2 kV ) with pulse repetition rates in the hundreds of kilohertz range is applied to a counter electrode.
33.
In a logic circuit, Q crit is defined as the minimum amount of induced charge required at a circuit node to cause a voltage pulse to propagate from that node to the output and be of sufficient duration and magnitude to be reliably latched.
34.
This system worked like all Kettering ( points / coil ) ignition systems . . . the opening points trigger the collapse of the magnetic field in the ignition coil, producing a high voltage pulse which flows through the spark plug wire to the spark plug.
35.
The bit cell is programmed by applying a high-voltage pulse not encountered during normal operation across the gate and substrate of the thin oxide transistor ( around 6V for a 2 nm thick oxide, or 30MV / cm ) to break down the oxide between gate and substrate.
36.
The secondary coil consists of hundreds, or even thousands of windings of very fine copper wire so a high voltage pulse is generated, in the order of 2-6 kV ( 2000-6000 V ), depending on the length of the flash tube, and the gas contained within the tube.
37.
Their weaponry includes small lasers implanted in the little finger of each hand, an anti-armor laser that runs down the calf muscle of one leg and exits through a lens in the heel of their boot, plus an " arcthrower ", a secondary weapon built into the fingertip lasers that delivers a high-voltage pulse, which disrupts nearby electronics.
