Very early Blattopterans had a large, discoid pronotum and coriaceous forewings with a distinct CuP vein ( a unbranched wing vein, lying near the claval fold and reaching the wing posterior margin ).
32.
The structure seen in the subcostal area, that of the second longitudinal wing vein, posterior to the costa, shows at least six weakly developed cross-veins with no connecting veins between the cross veins.
33.
Wing veins are brown, and a smoky, pigmented black or amber " Z " shaped marking found in most members of this genus, is clearly present near the wing tips of " N . dorsatus ".
34.
Furthermore, apical convergence of wing veins R 4 + 5 and M 1 occurs, and no vibrissae, setulae on the upper surface of vein R 1, and a large, flat ocellar disc behind the ocelli.
35.
The size and shape of the pterostigma are similar to those of the Apinae tribes Anthophorini and Centridini though the rounded shape of the wing and the sizes of the cells formed by the wing veins make it closer to Anthophorini.
36.
An example from Drosophila research : the wing vein phenotype of a recessive mutation in the Epidermal growth factor receptor ( Egfr ), a gene required for communication between cells, can be dominantly enhanced by a recessive mutation in Notch, another cell-signalling gene.
37.
Where they are visible the P . campbelli " found in the related lake deposits near Horsefly, British Columbia by several features, " E . tulameenensis " is notably smaller than members of " Pseudosiobla " and the fore wing vein patterning is distinct.
38.
Wing disks are very small until the last larval instar, when they increase dramatically in size, are invaded by branching tracheae from the wing base that precede the formation of the wing veins, and begin to develop patterns associated with several landmarks of the wing.
39.
The Protoanisoptera, another ancestral group which lacks certain wing vein characters found in modern Odonata, lived from the Early to Late Permian age until the end Permian event, and are known from fossil wings from current day United States, Russia, and Australia, suggesting they might have been cosmopolitan in distribution.
40.
While both are very similar in overall appearance to " Holcorpa ", both were left unplaced as to family in Mecoptera by the describing authors . " Fortiholcorpa " has medial wing veins notably different than those of " Holcorpa " and an 8th abdominal segment only slightly longer than the 7th.
