Careful searchers can also find crystals of wolframite, a tungsten ore that was mined briefly during World War II when access to other sources was cut off, and small grains of topaz, which caused the earlier silver miners of the area considerable economic grief by wearing out their diamond-tipped drills more quickly than anticipated.
32.
Outside of the main urban area of Egvekinot, the economy is driven mainly by either mineral extraction ( the area is rich in pewter and wolframite as well as coal ), traditional indigenous reindeer herding or sea-based hunting, with Chukchi farming centers such as Amguema, Vankarem, and Konergino holding nearly 25, 000 head of reindeer in 2005.
33.
The four most commonly mined "'conflict minerals "'( known as 3TGs, from their initials ) are cassiterite ( for tin ), wolframite ( for tungsten ), coltan ( for tantalum ), and gold ore, which are extracted from the eastern Congo, and passed through a variety of intermediaries before being purchased by multinational electronics companies.
34.
Also by its resolution, the Council recommended that all States, particularly those in the region, regularly publish full import and export statistics for natural resources, including gold, cassiterite, coltan, wolframite, timber and charcoal, and enhance information sharing and joint action at the regional level to investigate and combat regional criminal networks and armed groups involved in the illegal exploitation of natural resources.
35.
He is running to retrieve a lump of wolframite ( " a good, dense, black African mineral " ), a small tablet of gold, a bar of tungsten, a snippet of gallium, a goblet of uranium glass . ( " It doesn't register on my Geiger counter, but it's sufficient to give this lovely, greenish-yellow shimmer . ")
36.
Most recently, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act ( also known as the Financial Reform Act ) signed into U . S . law by President Barack Obama on July 21, 2010 contains a clause that specifically requires companies with products containing cassiterite ( tin ore ), columbite-tantalite ( coltan ), wolframite, and gold to disclose to the Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) whether the minerals are sourced from the Democratic Republic of Congo or adjoining countries.
