When ripe, the flavedo cells contain carotenoids ( mostly xanthophyll ) inside chromoplasts, which, in a previous developmental stage, contained chlorophyll.
32.
Lutein is synthesized only by plants and like other xanthophylls is found in high quantities in green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and yellow carrots.
33.
The Photochemical Reflectance Index is a reflectance measurement that is sensitive to changes in carotenoid pigments ( e . g . xanthophyll pigments ) in live foliage.
34.
"' Flavoxanthin "'is a natural xanthophyll pigment with a golden-yellow color found in small quantities in a variety of plants.
35.
When fed an artificial diet, " Manduca " larvae do not consume the xanthophyll needed to produce their green coloration; instead they appear blue.
36.
These two specific xanthophylls do not function in the mechanism of sight, since they cannot be converted to retinal ( also called retinaldehyde or vitamin A aldehyde ).
37.
In the " vitamin A " system, four of those found naturally in plant origin foods are chemically carotenoids ( three carotenes and one is a xanthophyll ).
38.
Photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophylls a, b and c some others, e . g ., xanthophylls, carotenoids, phycobilins are also embedded within the granum membrane.
39.
Vertebrate animals ingest retinal directly from meat, or they produce retinal from carotenoids, either from one of two carotenes ( ?-cryptoxanthin, a type of xanthophyll.
40.
Butane and all the other non-polar solvents will extract chlorophyll as well as lutein, xanthophyll, carotene and other pigments since they are also non-polar.
