The dental-alveolar contrast exists in the Western, Central and Cape York dialects, however only exists in other dialects in so far as either English or Western-Central influences force a contrast, or where the voiced alveolar stop "'d "'realises as the rhotic tap "'r "'( e . g.
42.
The "'voiceless alveolar stop "'is a type of consonantal sound used in many dental stop can be distinguished with the underbridge diacritic, } }, the postalveolar with a retraction line, } }, and the Extensions to the IPA have a double underline diacritic which can be used to explicitly specify an alveolar pronunciation, } }.
43.
However, common replacement words such as " plain ", " unvoiced ", and " unaspirated " are ambiguous : besides the tenuis alveolar stop, the aspirated and ejective stops and are unvoiced, the voiced and ejective stops and are unaspirated, and, in the proper context, all four are called " plain ", as is the alveolar nasal stop.
44.
Based on regular sound change rules, we would expect the word for bird in Mandarin to be pronounced " di?o ", but Mandarin dialects'pronunciations of the word for " bird " evolved to an alveolar nasal initial, likely as a means of taboo avoidance, giving contemporary " ni?o " while most dialects in the south retain the Middle Chinese alveolar stop initial and the homophony or near homophony of these words.
45.
Whereas " D " is pronounced as some sort of dental or alveolar stop in most Latin alphabets, an unadorned " D " in the Vietnamese alphabet represents either ( Hanoian ) or ( Saigonese ), while the letter " " represents a voiced alveolar implosive ( ) or, according to preglottalized voiced alveolar stop ( ) . " Z " is not included in the Vietnamese alphabet as a letter in its own right.
46.
Whereas " D " is pronounced as some sort of dental or alveolar stop in most Latin alphabets, an unadorned " D " in the Vietnamese alphabet represents either ( Hanoian ) or ( Saigonese ), while the letter " " represents a voiced alveolar implosive ( ) or, according to preglottalized voiced alveolar stop ( ) . " Z " is not included in the Vietnamese alphabet as a letter in its own right.
