His research included studies of myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fiber, the nervous system of the amphioxus, nerve endings of leeches, the influence of temperature on muscle contraction and on the detoxification of cyanide derivatives, to name a few.
42.
For instance, the closest living relatives of vertebrates, the tunicates and " Amphioxus ", have a structure very similar to that of larval lampreys ( the endostyle ), and this also secretes iodine-containing compounds ( albeit not thyroxine ).
43.
Invertebrates may possess excretory organs that are sometimes referred to as " kidneys ", but, even in " Amphioxus ", these are never homologous with the kidneys of vertebrates, and are more accurately referred to by other names, such as nephridia.
44.
The cephalochordate Branchiostoma ( formerly called Amphioxus ), which is the closest relative of vertebrates, is a burrowing marine creature which lacks most of the head structures that are so distinct in vertebrates, such as distinct sense organs; a large, multilobed brain; teeth; and a tongue.
45.
It was even shown that an opposing right-sided signal for regulating left-right asymmetry in vertebrates, i . e . BMP signaling pathway, is activated on the left side of the sea urchin larva, suggesting an axial inversion during evolution from basal deuterostome to chordate such like amphioxus.
46.
Michael Benton, in the 2014 edition of " Vertebrate Palaeontology ", states, " It turns out that, in places where amphioxus has a single gene, vertebrates often have two, three, or four equivalent genes as a result of two intervening whole-genome duplication events ."
47.
The Arts Lab also developed a reputation as a centre of improvised rock, running from the psychedelia of Bachdenkel in the late 1960s, through the Arts Lab's own "'Amphioxus "'jazz-rock ensemble of the mid-seventies, to later collaborative performances at Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery.
48.
Melanopsin is also found in rats, amphioxus, and other chordates . ipRGCs are photoreceptor cells which are particularly sensitive to the absorption of short-wavelength ( blue ) visible light and communicate information directly to the area of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus ( SCN ), also known as the central " body clock ", in mammals.
