Tributyltin ( TBT ) compounds found in some antifouling paint on ship hulls leaches into seawater and is toxic to marine organisms and humans; as of 2002, efforts are underway to restrict its use.
42.
Lipid nanotechnology is another major area of research in bionanotechnology, where physico-chemical properties of lipids such as their antifouling and self-assembly is exploited to build nanodevices with applications in medicine and engineering.
43.
The University of New Hampshire is in the midst of conducting experiments under the auspices of the International Copper Association ( ICA ) to evaluate the structural, hydrodynamic, and antifouling response of copper alloy nets.
44.
While at Bermuda, she was drydocked for repairs and the application of anticorrosive ( Italian " Venecium Moravia " red ) and antifouling ( Italian " Venecium Moravia " gray ) paint to her hull.
45.
Among the many issues are : the lack of a scientific study to determine the actual environmental impact due to antifouling paint, coliforms, and oil spillage; and, the lack of space to install a water treatment plant.
46.
A few natural compounds with simpler synthetic routes, such as nicotinamide or 2, 5, 6-tribromo-1-methylgramine ( from " Zoobotryon pellucidum " ), have been incorporated into patented antifouling paints.
47.
The antifouling characteristics of PEG are well documented, but the service life of PEG antifouling coatings is debated due to the hydrolysis of PEG chains in air, as well as by the low concentrations of transition metal ions present in seawater.
48.
The antifouling characteristics of PEG are well documented, but the service life of PEG antifouling coatings is debated due to the hydrolysis of PEG chains in air, as well as by the low concentrations of transition metal ions present in seawater.
49.
Triphenyltin compounds have been used extensively as algicides and molluscicides in antifouling products since the 1960s, together with tributyltin compounds, and both these classes of compounds are of local ( but not global ) environmental concern because they are persistent organic pollutants.
50.
It is the combination of all of these properties antifouling, high strength, and corrosion resistance that has made copper alloys a desirable material for such marine applications as condenser tubing, water intake screens, ship hulls, offshore structure, and sheathing.
