The LH pulses are the consequence of pulsatile GnRH secretion by the arcuate nucleus that, in turn, is the result of an oscillator or signal generator in the central nervous system ( " GnRH pulse generator " ).
42.
The arcuate nucleus and the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus have dopamine neurons that form an important projection the " tuberoinfundibular pathway " which goes to the pituitary gland, where it influences the secretion of the hormone prolactin.
43.
This is named the arcuate nucleus, and is serially continuous above with the pontine nuclei in the pons; it contains small fusiform ( spindle-shaped ) cells, around which some of the arcuate fibers end, and from which others arise.
44.
The populations of neurons found in the arcuate nucleus are based on the hormones they secrete or interact with and are responsible for hypothalamic function, such as regulating hormones released from the pituitary gland or secreting their own hormones.
45.
The primary forebrain sensor of peripheral cues that relays information about the availability of energy and storage is the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus ( ARH ), and it contains two types of cells that have opposing effects on energy balance.
46.
Ghrelin and synthetic ghrelin mimetics ( growth hormone secretagogues ) increase body weight and fat mass by triggering receptors in the arcuate nucleus that include the orexigenic neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) and afferents, so they are less sensitive to gastric distension.
47.
Insulin signaling activates the adenosine triphosphate ( ATP )-sensitive potassium ( KATP ) channels in the arcuate nucleus, decreases AgRP release, and through the vagus nerve, leads to decreased glucose production by the liver by decreasing gluconeogenic enzymes : Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, Glucose 6-phosphatase.
48.
Avpr1a is present in the lateral septum, paraventricular nucleus, anterior hypothalamic area, arcuate nucleus, lateral habenula, ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra ( pars compacta ), superior colliculus, raphe nuclei, locus coeruleus, inferior olive, choroid plexus, endothelial cells, area postrema and nucleus of the solitary tract.
49.
The reason may lie, in part, in a deficiency of a cell-surface receptor in a part of the brain stem called the arcuate nucleus, according to a report this week by Dr . Hannah Kinney of Children's Hospital and her colleagues in the Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology.
50.
The dopaminergic areas they identified are the substantia nigra ( groups 8 and 9 ); the ventral tegmental area ( group 10 ); the posterior hypothalamus ( group 11 ); the arcuate nucleus ( group 12 ); the zona incerta ( group 13 ) and the periventricular nucleus ( group 14 ).
