Conventional therapy aimed at tidal volumes ( " V " t ) of 12 15 ml / kg ( where the weight is hypercapnia and atelectasis because of their inherent tendency to increase physiologic shunt.
42.
Causes of atelectasis include insufficient attempts at respiration by the newborn, bronchial obstruction, or absence of surfactant ( a substance secreted by alveoli that coats the lungs and prevents the surfaces from sticking together ).
43.
Investigations which can confirm the diagnosis are fetal chest x-ray, which will show hyperinflation, diaphragmatic flattening, cardiomegaly, patchy atelectasis and consolidation, and ABG samples, which will show decreased oxygen levels.
44.
Thoracotomies are thought to be one of the most difficult surgical incisions to deal with post-operatively, because they are extremely painful and the pain can prevent the patient from breathing effectively, leading to atelectasis or pneumonia.
45.
Breathing 100 % oxygen also eventually leads to collapse of the alveoli ( atelectasis ), while at the same partial pressure of oxygen the presence of significant partial pressures of inert gases, typically nitrogen, will prevent this effect.
46.
Their research findings still remains a highly cited " British Journal of Anaesthesia " publication with important implications for mechanical ventilatory support of the critically ill patient to correct the resulting hypoxaemia and atelectasis from the reduced lung volumes.
47.
New backup oxygen generators and filters have been installed on the aircraft . The coughing symptoms have been attributed to acceleration atelectasis, which may be exacerbated by the F-22's high performance; there is no present solution to the condition.
48.
"' Open lung ventilation "' Open lung ventilation is a ventilatory strategy that combines small tidal volumes ( to lessen alveolar overdistension ) and an applied PEEP above the low inflection point on the pressure-volume curve ( to lessen cyclic atelectasis ).
49.
Dullness to percussion ( described historically as " woody " in quality ), egophony, and bronchial breath sounds may be appreciated at the inferior angle of the left scapula when the effusion is large enough to compress the left lower lobe of the lung, causing consolidation or atelectasis.
50.
A great deal of emphasis is placed on post-operative pulmonary toilet because the incisional pain associated with thoracotomy leads to a decreased ability of patients to cough and clear bronchial secretions, which in turn leads to an increased risk of persistent atelectasis ( collapsed areas of lung ) or pneumonia.
