Other methods may be : research of high serum levels of gonadotropins ( follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone ), presence of azoospermia, determination of the sex chromatin, and prenatally via chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis.
42.
An example of this is use of testicular FNA mapping to systemically assess and localize sperm for ART in men with azoospermia ( no sperm count ) and with testis failure characterized by patchy or focal spermatogenesis.
43.
In men with no sperm count ( azoospermia ), it soon became clear that sperm could be found in the testes and used with ICSI, but sperm production was characteristically patchy or focal in azoospermic testes.
44.
In fact, the current clinical challenges are : ( 1 ) to determine which infertile men with azoospermia harbor sperm for IVF-ICSI and ( 2 ) to precisely locate the areas of sperm production within atrophic, nonobstructed testes.
45.
In addition, if an obstruction of the vasa deferentia is the cause for the azoospermia, the concentration of fructose in the semen will also be normal, since the fructose comes primarily from the fluid stored in the seminal vesicles.
46.
In August 1995, Page and his team announced that there is indeed a genetic influence in infertility _ specifically, a gene he named DAZ, for " deleted in azoospermia, " the condition of having no sperm in the semen.
47.
The DAZ gene, as it is called ( short for " deleted in azoospermia " ), seems to be descended from a gene called DAZL ( for " DAZ-like " ) which is found on chromosome No . 3.
48.
In contrast, if both vasa deferentia are obstructed ( which may be the result of intended sterilization ), a semen analysis will also reveal aspermia / azoospermia, but an almost normal volume of the semen, since the efflux of the seminal vesicles is not hindered.
49.
In 1996, Dr . Reijo Pera, working with David Page of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, found that a gene called AZF ( azoospermia factor ) was missing from the Y chromosomes ( one of the chromosomes that determines sex ) of men with extremely low sperm counts.
50.
A review in 2013 came to the result that oligospermia and azoospermia are significantly associated with being overweight ( odds ratio 1.1 ), obese ( odds ratio 1.3 ) and morbidly obese ( odds ratio 2.0 ), but the cause of this is unknown.
