By 1885 Driesch's experiments on the sea urchin embryo suggested that it was possible to remove large pieces from eggs, shuffle the blastomeres and interfere in many ways without affecting the resulting embryo.
42.
In 1959 Tarkowski showed that a single blastomere isolated from a 2-cell stage mouse embryo is fully able to develop and the result is healthy and fertile mouse ( Tarkowski, 1959, Nature ).
43.
Gardner, R . L . ( 2010 ) Normal bias in the direction of fetal rotation depends on blastomere compositionduring early cleavage in the mouse . " PLOS ONE 5 ", 1-5
44.
During stage 1, the first cleavage occurs, which gives rise to an AB and a CD blastomere, and is in the interphase of this cell division when a yolk-free cytoplasm called teloplasm is formed.
45.
Combined with single blastomere biopsy on day-3 embryos, aCGH is very robust with 2.9 % of tested embryos with no results, and associated with low error rates ( 1.9 % ).
46.
Researchers at Advanced Cell Technology, led by Robert Lanza and Travis Wahl, reported the successful derivation of a stem cell line using a process similar to preimplantation genetic diagnosis, in which a single blastomere is extracted from a blastocyst.
47.
Stem cells resembling totipotent blastomeres from 2-cell stage embryos can arise spontaneously in the embryonic stem cell cultures and also can be induced to arise more frequently in vitro through down-regulation of the chromatin assembly activity of CAF-1.
48.
Zona drilling with acid Tyrode's solution ( ZD ) was looked at in comparison to partial zona dissection ( PZD ) to determine which technique would lead to more successful pregnancies and have less of an effect on the embryo and / or blastomere.
49.
The addition of the two growth phases into the cell cycle allows for the cells to increase in size, as up to this point the blastomeres undergo reductive divisions in which the overall size of the embryo does not increase, but more cells are created.
50.
Results in embryology had been contradictory : in 1888 Wilhelm Roux, who had introduced the experimental manipulation of the embryo to discover the rules of development, performed a series of experiments in which he inserted a hot needle into one of two blastomeres to kill it.
