The angle brackets denote an ensemble average, k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature and \ delta ( t ) is the delta function.
42.
The small numerical value of the Boltzmann constant in SI units means a change in temperature by 1 K only changes a particle's energy by a small amount.
43.
Where P out is the radiated power, \ epsilon is the emissivity, ? the Stefan Boltzmann constant, A the surface area, and T the absolute temperature.
44.
Quantities here are given per molecule, not per mole, and so Boltzmann constant and the electron charge are used instead of the gas constant and Faraday's constant.
45.
Where n _ \ text { upper } is the number of paramagnetic centers occupying the upper energy state, k is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the thermodynamic temperature.
46.
Taking k _ B to be the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, and m is the mass of a particle, then we can write the different thermal velocities:
47.
The isochoric heat capacity per particle of a monatomic liquid near to the melting line is close to 3 k _ B ( where k _ B is the Boltzmann constant ).
48.
Where k is the Boltzmann constant, which yields a value of 3.37 J mol " 1 K " 1, a value very close to the measured value.
49.
Where & beta; is the Boltzmann constant and the temperature T can be chosen such that in the initial rounds it is high and it is slowly annealed to overcome local minima.
50.
Using the Einstein relation \ mu = e \ beta D, where ? is the inverse of the product of temperature and the Boltzmann constant, these two equations can be combined:
