Taken together, results from lesion, inactivation, and neural recording studies seem to demonstrate that the cerebellar cortex is not essential for basic eyeblink CR learning or retention, but that significant contributions from cortex underlie normal learning.
42.
At the rear of the brain, beneath the cerebrum and behind the brainstem, is the cerebellum, a structure with a horizontally furrowed surface, the cerebellar cortex, that makes it look different from any other brain area.
43.
The cerebellum is structured in a similar manner as the cerebrum, with a superficial mantle of cerebellar cortex, deep cerebellar white matter ( called the " cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle ) are also located deep within the cerebral white matter.
44.
The cerebellar cortex is the thin gray surface layer of the cerebellum, consisting of an outer molecular layer or stratum moleculare, a single layer of Purkinje cells ( the ganglionic layer ), and an inner granular layer or stratum granulosum.
45.
It has been estimated that if the human cerebellar cortex could be completely unfolded it would give rise to a layer of neural tissue about 1 meter long and 10 centimeters wide a total surface area of 500-1000 square cm, all packed within a volume of 100-150 cubic cm.
46.
Although Golgi's earlier works between 1873 and 1885 clearly depicted the axonal connections of cerebellar cortex and olfactory bulb as independent of one another, his later works including the Nobel Lecture showed the entire granular layer of the cerebellar cortex occupied by a network of branching and anastomosing nerve processes.
47.
Although Golgi's earlier works between 1873 and 1885 clearly depicted the axonal connections of cerebellar cortex and olfactory bulb as independent of one another, his later works including the Nobel Lecture showed the entire granular layer of the cerebellar cortex occupied by a network of branching and anastomosing nerve processes.
48.
The PN give rise to mossy fiber ( MF ) axons that carry CS-related information ( Steinmetz et al ., 1987; Lewis et al ., 1987; Thompson et al ., 1997 ) to the cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle, and terminate in both the cerebellar nuclei, and at granule cells ( GR ) of the cerebellar cortex ( Steinmetz & Sengelaub, 1992 ).
49.
After such repeated presentations of the CS and US, the CS will eventually elicit a blink before the US, a conditioned response or CR . Experiments showed that lesions localized either to a specific part of the interposed nucleus ( one of the deep cerebellar nuclei ) or to a few specific points in the cerebellar cortex would abolish learning of a conditionally timed blink response.
