Cultural layers I and II have various floristic compositions, which means that there is only sporoplasm ( Polypodiaceae, Cyatheaceae ) but not pollen; and vice versa, there is only pollen ( Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Myricaceae, Mzliaceae, Fagaceac ) but not sporoplasm in cultural layer II.
42.
Beets are in the goosefoot family, Chenopodiaceae, along with spinach, chard and lamb's quarters ( a tasty weed that grows abundantly in most gardens and is nutritionally superior to spinach and beets _ a fact worth remembering in case you need some cooking greens and have trouble growing its domesticated relatives ).
43.
Phylogenetic research revealed the important impact of the subfamily Polycnemoideae on the classification ( see Cladogram ) : If Polycnemoideae are considered being part of Chenopodiaceae, then Amaranthaceae ( " s . str . " = " sensu stricto " ) have to be included, too, and the name of the extended family is Amaranthaceae.
44.
The subfamily is now classified either in family Amaranthaceae " sensu lato ", or in Chenopodiaceae " sensu stricto ", ( excluding the subfamily Polycnemoideae, as the other subfamilies of Chenopodiaceae, Betoideae, Camphorosmoideae, Chenopodioideae, Corispermoideae, Salicornioideae, Salsoloideae, and Suaedoideae, form a monophyletic group which is distinct from the Amaranthaceae " s . str . " ).
45.
The subfamily is now classified either in family Amaranthaceae " sensu lato ", or in Chenopodiaceae " sensu stricto ", ( excluding the subfamily Polycnemoideae, as the other subfamilies of Chenopodiaceae, Betoideae, Camphorosmoideae, Chenopodioideae, Corispermoideae, Salicornioideae, Salsoloideae, and Suaedoideae, form a monophyletic group which is distinct from the Amaranthaceae " s . str . " ).
46.
Amaranthaceae Juss . ( " s . l . " ) include the former families Achyranthaceae Raf ., Atriplicaceae Durande, Betaceae Burnett, Blitaceae T . Post & Kuntze, Celosiaceae Martynov, Chenopodiaceae Vent ., " nom . cons .', Corispermaceae Link, Deeringiaceae J . Agardh, Dysphaniaceae ( Pax ) Pax, " nom . cons . ", Gomphrenaceae Raf ., Polycnemaceae Menge, Salicorniaceae Martynov, Salsolaceae Menge, and Spinaciaceae Menge.
47.
According to the same author, the following families are well represented : Magnoliaceae, Lauraceae, Ranunculaceae, Berberidaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Fagaceae, Betulaceae, Juglandaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Polygonaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Theaceae, Salicaceae, Brassicaceae, Ericaceae, Primulaceae, Malvaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Cornaceae, Araliaceae, Apiaceae, Rhamnaceae, Gentianaceae, Boraginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Lamiaceae, Campanulaceae, Asteraceae, Liliaceae, Iridaceae, Orchidaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Aspleniaceae, Polypodiaceae.
