Karelian consonant gradation is quite similar to Finnish : * ? * ?* c have been lost in a fashion essentially identical to Eastern Finnish ( and may have occurred in the common ancestor of the two ), with the exception that assimilation rather than loss has occurred also for * lc and * rc.
42.
The inverse relationship between consonant gradation and medial lenition of stops ( the pattern also continuing within the three families where gradation " is " found ) is noted by Helimski ( 1995 ) : an original allophonic gradation system between voiceless and voiced stops would have been easily disrupted by a spreading of voicing to previously unvoiced stops as well.
43.
The first of these is the presence of consonant gradation, found in all of the languages except the marginal languages of the group, Nganasan, and it has been debated if gradation is an original Uralic feature suppressed in all other branches, an independent innovation in Finno-Lappic and Nganasan, or independent in all three of Finnic, Samic and Nganasan.
44.
In Helsinki slang, the slang used by some, more rarely nowadays, in Helsinki, the voiced stops are found in native words even in positions which are not the result of consonant gradation, e . g .'s / he walked'( ?! native verb root " talla-" ),'to understand'( ?
45.
This is a pattern observed in Baltic-Finnic consonant gradation, where the strong grade ( often, but not necessarily nominative ) form of the word is degeminated into a weak grade ( often all other cases ) form of the word, e . g . " taakka " > " taakan " ( burden, of the burden ).
46.
The status of is somewhat different from and, since it appears in native Finnish words, too, as a regular " weak " correspondence of the voiceless ( as a result of consonant gradation ), and even in the infinitives of many verbs, such as " sy�d? " " to eat . " At the time when Mikael Agricola, the " father " of literary Finnish, devised a system for writing the language, this sound still had the value of the voiced dental fricative, as in English " then ".
47.
Such things happen in fact, with the spread of areal features or with commonplaces ( say, devoicing in word-final position ), but the whole point of setting up subgroups, branches, and so on, in the first place, is that it is more plausible that a phonological ( or morphological ) innovation, particularly a complex or unobvious one, took place only once in the history of the group in the speech community of a proto-branch, rather than separately and repeatedly in a whole array of daughter languages . ( Finnic consonant gradation is in the character of a complex and counterintuitive innovation .)
